Judgments:

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973): While not a criminal case, this judgment established the doctrine of basic structure, limiting the amending power of the Indian Constitution. It influences criminal law as any amendments affecting fundamental principles of justice and human rights can be struck down.

Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978): This case expanded the scope of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution, impacting criminal trial procedures and safeguards by emphasizing the importance of a fair, just, and reasonable procedure.

Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997): This judgment laid down guidelines to prevent and redress sexual harassment in the workplace, influencing the enactment of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013.

State of Haryana v. Raja Ram (2003): This case reaffirmed the distinction between robbery and dacoity, setting a crucial precedent for property crime cases.

Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980): This case upheld the constitutional validity of the death penalty while laying down guidelines for its application.

Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015): This case upheld the importance of free speech on the internet while striking down Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, which was used to stifle online expression.

Nirbhaya Case (2012): This case led to legal reforms, introducing stricter penalties for sexual offenses and making it a watershed moment in the fight against crimes against women.

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (1996): This case resulted in the Supreme Court taking a strong stance on environmental protection, leading to the closure of hazardous industries in Delhi.